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Escaping From the Ghetto
Levi Koton was born in Dolhinov, one of the Jewish townlets in the Vilna
area, where Zionist activity was widespread, and although he was a member of
a large and not well to do family, he attended the local Tarbut school, a
school that was not free. After the German conquest, the townlet's youth
began to contrive plans of flight into the forest, but they were confronted
by a problem of conscience- is it morally permissible in such dangerous times
to abandon parents and younger siblings? He was seventeen years old at the
time, but his mother implored him to escape and try to save his life, by the
time the Germans arrived for the second killing of the Jews of Dolhinov.In
April, 1942, he decided to implement the idea of escape, and he and his
friend Aharon Alpervitz, an eighteen year old, who was living with the Kuton
family, left the house one night, without ! informing Levi's parents, and made
for the ghetto fence, removing a board from the fence, they peered out, and
left through the opening. During the daytime, they hid, while at night they
wandered, and after a week, plagued by his conscience that he did not say
goodbye to his father, he returned home, only to find that the Germans had
taken him to be killed.The pain that he did not say goodbye to his father
left a deep scar in his heart, and together with Pesach Isaacson, a refugee
from the Bobroisk area, he went to the Glebokie ghetto, where some of his
relatives lives. In the summer of 1942, with a seven member group, they left
the Glubokie ghetto for the nearby forests, and after a few days of trekking,
they met a group of partisans, who were on a mission.
Joining the Partisans
They were well received by the partisans, who requested that some return to
the Glebokie ghetto, a distance of 100 km., to bring back some Type face.
This assignment was given to Levi and Aharon, who returned to the ghetto,
located a family that worked in a print shop outside the ghetto, with
permission of the Germans, and they began to collect letters of the alphabet.
Through carelessness, Levi's task became known in the ghetto, and so when Eli
Friedman approached him about joining the partisans, he accepted him.
Liberating the Ghetto in Midzel
With the guidance of Friedman, they joined the partisan group, known as the
"Avenger", in the Midzel area, and this was in the fall of 1942. A Jewish
group, under the command of Segalchuk also born in Dolhinov, which was part
of the "Avenger" squadron, decided to attack the townlet of Midzel, destroy
the German command there, eliminate the German sentries, and to liberate the
Jews in the ghetto. They blocked the road for possible German reinforcements,
and engaged the German solder-guards in battle, while Levi ran to the
ghettofence and summoned the Jews to break out of the ghetto, and repair to
the forest.At first, the Jews did not know what was happening, and even
suspected that this was a German operation, but soon they realized the
situation, and the flight to the forest began. Levi felt a great
satisfaction, for they succeeded in saving the survivors o! f the Midzel
ghetto, who numbered eighty people. The battle continued, and not far from
the ghetto there was a church, upon whose tower there sat German soldiers
blazing away, thus complicating the destruction of the headquarters.To
counter this, Yitzchok Radoshkivitz from Dolhinov, approached the church,
with two heapfulls of straw and set them on fire near the wooden door of the
church. Shooting from the tower ceased, and they emptied the German supply
depots- considering the few casualties suffered by the partisans, the mission
was a complete success. The headquarters of the Germans in Palchintsy and
communities in its environs were also the victims of the partisan
"actions."There was also much activity on the Polotzk-Leningrad rail lines,
sections of which were blown up, thus hamperin! g the transport of troops and
equipment to the forest. In the summer of 1943, Levi participated in an
action, where a long train filled with troops and equipment was blown up.One
day, during the summer of 1943, Levi was summoned to Brigade Headquarters,
where he found ten partisan fighters who had proven themselves in various
operations, and his was a special operation, requiring decent attire, clean
automatic weapons, and a strict order not to shoot without a command to do
so. The leader was Commissar Timchuk, who rode a horse, and alongside him was
an unknown officer, also on a horse.They marched tens of kilometers, under
much tension, but rested along the way, and the next day toward evening,
Timchuk explained the purpose of his mission- he was meeting with the traitor
Radyonov, under whose command, thousands of Russian soldiers defected from
the Red Army, and were responsible for killing Russian soldiers in behalf of
the German enemy. The mission was crowned with success, and an agreement was
signed with Radyonov, who was joining the partisans with all his Russian
soldiers, so that together they would smite the Germans.An appreciable number
of women, children, and old men, who had fled the Midzel ghetto, were joined
by individuals who were wandering in the forest, and a total of one hundred
and fifty people became known as the "Citizen's Unit", under the command of a
Russian, marched for weeks through the forests in an eastward direction, and
succeeded in crossing the German battle lines and reaching Soviet dominated
areas. Some of those saved, are today citizens of the State of Israel.Levi
Yitzchak Kuton was awarded a citation for achievem! ents in battle. Courtesy of:
Simon Wiesenthal Center
Los Angeles, CA 90035